Make a Mixture and a Compound from Iron and Sulfur

Make a Mixture and a Compound from Iron and Sulfur A blend happens when you join matter in a manner where the segments can be isolated once more. A compound outcomes from a concoction response between parts, framing another substance. For instance, you can consolidate iron filings with sulfur to shape a blend. Everything necessary is a magnet to isolate the iron from the sulfur. Then again, on the off chance that you heat the iron and sulfur, you structure iron sulfide, which is a compound. What You Need Iron filingsSulfur (powder or blossoms of sulfur)MagnetTest cylinder or beakerBurner or hot plate or oven Making a Mixture and afterward a Compound First structure a blend. Mix some iron filings and sulfur together to frame a powder. You have recently taken two components and consolidated them to frame a blend. You can isolate the parts of the blend by mixing the powder with a magnet (iron will adhere to it) or by whirling the powder with the magnet under the holder (the iron will fall toward the magnet at the base - this is less messy).If you heat the blend over a bunsen burner, hot plate, or oven, the blend will begin to gleam. The components will respond and will shape iron sulfide, which is a compound. Cautious! In contrast to the blend, the arrangement of a compound cannot be fixed so without any problem. Use crystal that you dont mind demolishing. At the point when you structure a blend, you can include segments in any proportion that you need. It doesnt matter if there is more iron than sulfur, for instance. At the point when you structure an aggravate, the segments respond as per a set recipe. On the off chance that there is an abundance of either, it will stay after the response that frames the compound. For instance, you may have some extra iron or sulfur in the cylinder with your blend. 2 grams of sulfur with 3.5 grams of iron filings will totally respond.

Accounting Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Bookkeeping Theory - Essay Example Laan (2009) contends that the two speculations in particular Stakeholder and Legitimacy, got from the more extensive political economy point of view, comprehensively clarify inspirations for social exposures. The paper targets investigating whether the fundamental inspiration to organizations for social and ecological revealing is to upgrade their corporate picture and validity with partners. While a couple of decades back, enterprises sole point remained upgrading investor esteem in money related terms and report them according to the legal standards, associations have now moved past customary budgetary announcing of their exhibition to its partners. As of now, partners bunch not just establish investors, representatives, providers, leasers, clients however they additionally incorporate society, network and every one of the individuals who are influenced by the tasks of the association. Corporate social detailing consequently, has involved a more extensive viewpoint. Partner hypothesis endorses that all partners including essential and auxiliary reserve the privilege to anticipate reasonable treatment from an association. In other words the board needs to deal with the partnership to such an extent that interests of all partners are made sure about. Network or Society everywhere may not be straightforwardly occupied with exchanges with the partnership yet they are affected and influenced by the exercises of enterprises, for example, discharge levels, squander water creation and its treatment, sway on biology or environmental factors, etc. Moral part of partner hypothesis additionally requires that network and society not just reserve an option to know how they are influenced or affected over the long haul from the exercises of companies yet in addition they expect that they should be dealt with decently by enterprise. Simultaneously, administrative part of partner hypothesis discloses that associations want to give social and natural revealing wh en they accept that it is in their

Speckled Band Essay Example

Dotted Band Paper Holmes is totally different to Dr Roylott as Holmes approaches existence with a scholarly view, in spite of the fact that he is sensible; Holmes is similarly as solid as Roylott despite the fact that he isn't exactly so massive. With an abrupt exertion fixed it sulk once more (page 8). This statement states Holmess physical appearance yet additionally expresses his quality. The creator utilizes Watson to stress Holmess characteristics. He does this by contrasting the two, A ventilator is made, a line is hung, and a woman who dozes I the bed passes on. Does that not strike you? (Page 12). This underscores Holmes is a more attentive investigator than Watson and because of him being increasingly predominant, he is placed in direct differentiation to the foe, Dr Roylott. So as to analyze the two, they should have various characters. Sherlock Holmes is quiet, Dr Roylott is forceful. Its balanced versus silly conduct, habits versus impoliteness, despite the fact that they have the equivalent physical qualities. I think the writer needed us, the peruser to believe that Holmes appreciates difficulties, for example, Dr Roylott, in any case, he has nothing to demonstrate. The structure of The Adventure of The Speckled Band is that of a commonplace investigator position in the Victorian time. It is a puzzle story wherein a wrongdoing needs settling as somebody needs assistance, so as to forestall a demise. This secret story has been organized in a shrewd manner as it gives out a progression of signs, My sister was grieved by the smell of solid Indian stogies and furthermore a progression of distractions which are intended to lose the peruser thus need to illuminate the wrongdoing themselves and read on, for instance, the cheetah, the monkey, and the vagabonds are completely used to play on the perusers bias. We will compose a custom exposition test on Speckled Band explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Speckled Band explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Speckled Band explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The wanderers do this in a manner which the peruser thinks they are simply inconvenience as they are suspected to take and assault individuals. They do this similarly the cheetah does as they have been marked as horrendous, so one can say that they are a generalization. In light of these hints given out, we get thoughts of what truly happened to Julia Stoner, thus we follow the pieces of information and attempt and play investigator. We can't comprehend the puzzle as Holmes stays quiet to himself and just discharges it toward the end, An examination of the seat gave me that he had been prone to remain on it, (page 16). This makes |Holmes look better than the peruser as he watches a piece of information that both Watson and the peruser can't go over. This is a significant astonishment to the peruser as the essayist tries to shroud this essential piece of information to make us, the peruser, read on. As it were, this causes the peruser to feel sold out by Holmes and the essayist as w e suspected we could confide in them. In different pieces of the story there are a progression of increment in anticipation followed by a straight lessening. A case of this is when Holmes and Watson are moving through the window of Stoke Moran when, what is portrayed to be a terrible and twisted kid (page 13) comes up short on a shrub. By then I felt tense as I had no clue about the purported youngster was going to assault, in which case it never thus when I read on to discover that it runs off, discharges the pressure and a ton of suspense. Although The Whole Towns Sleeping has its disparities to The Adventure of The Speckled Band it has numerous likenesses, for example, they are both set in places far away from help. A more subtle closeness is the manner in which the two stories use ladies as casualties and potential casualties and men as aggressors, which follows the Victorian time. A storyteller is a character wherein tells and aides the peruser through the story. In The Adventure of The Speckled Band the storyteller is Watson. Watson is a first individual storyteller who, records of a case, which happened a very long time previously. He is proficient as he keeps a journal of the considerable number of cases he and Holmes have gone over in the past. The language utilized in this story, lets us know, the peruser, that it is set in the Victorian time, as there are words which are not so much utilized today, for instance gap (page 7). The language is formal. Because of this, the peruser begins to fall off the story. Palmer and Pritchard were among the leaders of their calling (Page 13). This confounds the peruser, as we dont realize what they mean. In a manner this is something worth being thankful for as the peruser peruses on to discover the importance and comprehend what they are attempting to state. Conan Doyle utilized words that the cutting edge peruser will be probably not going to appear to be they are infrequently utilized in todays society. For example, Pittance (page 8). I think Conan Doyle did this to call attention to that the story is that of a Victorian period and furthermore to ponder the class and training of him and the characters, as they are the entirety of the high society community. The story needs portrayal and only every once in a long while gets a n top to bottom to the characters contemplations and emotions. I think the story is in insufficient need of feeling as Conan Doyle decided to adopt a logical strategy. A reason for this is, it makes us, the peruser feel less pressure and tension. Out of nowhere in the midst of the commotion of the hurricane, there burst forward the wild shout of an alarmed lady (page 4). This destroys the climate for the peruser as the more the writer utilizes Victorian words; the more the environment blurs from the perusers mind. I think Conan Doyle utilized Victorian words, for example, gap (page 7) rather than door jamb since he needed us, the peruser, to appreciate him for him being accomplished which he used to ponder his own boss inner self. The portrayal and language of these two stories are totally extraordinary as the account of The Whole Towns Sleeping is unquestionably more effective at making puzzle and anticipation than that of The Adventure of the Speckled Band. The Whole Towns Sleeping is third individual story and the storyteller is omniscient, which implies they know all and see all. By utilizing this sort of portrayal, it carries the peruser into the story as the state of affairs depicted, its as if we, the peruser, are really smelling, tasting, hearing, seeing and feeling everything that the storyteller is. For instance, I didnt recognize what dread was, I wouldnt let myself think, (page 9). This causes the peruser to accept they are Lavinia. Beam Bradbury utilized a representation strategy which caused Lavinia Nebbs to feel as if she is shrewd simply like the Lonely One. The warmth beat under your dress and along your legs with a secretive feeling of intrusion (page 7). This caused the peruser to feel as if Lavinia has quite recently turned a casualty of the forlorn one as the warmth has quite recently attacked her; similarly the Lonely One attacks his casualties. Another method utilized by Ray Bradbury was the utilization of reiteration, which he used to portray two things, the gorge and the feeling of safe. He rehashes the depiction of the gorge to be dull, tranquil and soggy ahead was profundity, dampness, fireflies and dim (page 1). I think he rehashes this to make gorge sound disallowing and a famous spot for the Lonely One to visit, as that is the place the killed collection of Elisa Ramsell was found. As opposed to this, Ray Bradbury rehashes the word safe to give a sentiment of help, which diminishes the perusers uneasiness. Sheltered, safe, and safe at home! (Page 9). Despite the fact that the perusers nervousness is diminished, the creator makes purposes of frenzy to raise the degree of tension. He does this by shortening sentences and utilizing elucidating words. At the base of the means. A man, under the light! No, presently hes gone! (Page 8). This states what precisely is sitting tight for Lavinia at the base of the gorge, be that as it may, it doesnt state whom it is pausing. This constructs strain, as neither Lavinina nor the peruser knows who the man is. He could be the Lonely One on the break of his month to month sin or possibly a bystander.

SAT Subject-Verb Agreement Quiz

Before you start, you may want to read the Writing Essentials Subject-Verb Agreement post. If you feel you ‘got it’, then have a go at these five questions. They are not easy, so good luck! 1. The number of Americans living in rural areas have decreased  (A) to  unprecedented levels, with  (B)most farmers saying that their days  (C)in the  country are numbered.   D)  No Error. (E) 2. According to  (A) a recent study, an increasing number of people in their 30’s  choose  (B) to remain single, a finding that  (C), despite reports to the contrary (D),   suggest (E)  that fewer  (F) people plan to have children. No Error.  (G) 3. Students, many of whom  (A) find themselves in nearly insurmountable debt, are  compromising (B)  on their career ideals, taking jobs that, while  (C) in many cases  highly lucrative, are  (D) often hardly inspiring. No Error.  (E) 4. Beaming satellite images from  (A) Jupiter, a planet notoriously difficult  (B) to  photograph, was  (C) a remarkable feat for a team of scientists, who, for the first  time ever,  (D)  were  (E) able to depict parts of the planet’s atmosphere that were  (F)  Ã‚  hitherto  (G) unknown. No Error.  (H) 5. A veritable kaleidoscope of sea life, the seabed has been  (A) constantly changing,  affording (B)  marine biologists with (C)  a view into  (D) a world both unique and  (E) awe-inspiring.   No Error.  (F) Answers: 1.  A (number has decreased) 2. E (suggests) 3. E (No Error) 4. E (team†¦was) 5. C (with is unnecessary) If you got all five of those correct, then you are an SAT grammar beast. Way to go! (You can still make sure you know everything youll need for test day with more SAT grammar practice!)

What Is the Most Abundant Form of RNA

There are three main types of RNA: tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA. The most abundant form of RNA is rRNA or ribosomal RNA because its responsible for coding and producing all of the proteins in cells. rRNA is found in the cytoplasm of cells and is associated with ribosomes. rRNA takes the coded information delivered from the nucleus by mRNA and translates it so that proteins can be produced and modified.   Learn More 10 RNA FactsTypes of RNA and Their FunctionsDNA Versus RNA

Ethical Issues Faced By Brazil And Japan - 1809 Words

Ethical Issues One of the most important things when you start a franchise is to have an ethical framework in which you use to operate your business. Many franchises are members of associations such as the International Franchise Association or the British Franchise Association which both have a code of ethics in place. (Ethical Franchising, 2013). It is made up of codes to ensure franchises that they are working with respectable sources. When code of ethics are developed by franchises, they cannot cover every situation that will arise, but are in place to be a baseline for resolving issues when they come up (Ethical Franchising, 2013). There are several compliance issues businesses may face when expanding into Brazil and Japan. Brazil for instance has heavy business regulations and many bureaucratic hurdles (Nair, 2011). Alongside of the strenuous regulations, you may face corruption, governmental inefficiency, legal complications, excessive taxation, poor infrastructure and inflation issues (N air 2011). All of these complications cause frustration for businesses that are looking to expand their enterprises into Brazil. There are five compliance concerns with doing business in Brazil. They are as follows: 1. Brazil lacks a place of Business Concept 2. Fulfilling the Limitada requirements 3. Corporate tax fillings 4. Employment Law 5. FCPA Requirements (Nair, 2011). Businesses need to be certain they want to do business in Brazil and prepared to spend the money so theyShow MoreRelatedEmerging Economies : The Global Economic Growth1106 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of countries known as Emergent Market Economies (EMEs). These countries already account for a substantial amount of the world economic output and have been the major force behind the global economic growth in the last decade. 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Wakayama University Graduate School of Economics Supervisor: Sotaro Sasaki Author: Ana Cecilia Fernà ¡ndez Pedrozo Student Number: 17410030 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 1 I. ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 4 I.1. BRAND MANAGEMENTRead MoreStarbucks Econ4058 Words   |  17 Pagesfounded by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel and Gorden Bowker in Seatle. 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Childhood and Adolescent Depression

Question: Write an essay on Childhood and Adolescent Depression? Answer: Introduction: With the increasing awareness and sensitivity on mental health problem many researchers are trying hard to find context specific solutions in treatment. Mainly the depression among adolescents and children is considered important due to problem in diagnosis and difficulty in treatment course. The following 2 articles present this account in critiqued manner. Article#1 Bhatia, Shashi K. and Bhatia, Subhash C. (2007). Childhood and Adolescent Depression, American Family Physician, 75(1):73-80. Summary of article#1 The current paper (Bhatia and Bhatia, 2007) presents a critique of incidence of psychological problems among adolescents and children, their importance, assessment and therapies in terms of significant impact and overall a sensitization for a holistic intervention. While many types of important depression are found among a relatively lower proportion of children as well as adolescents, the effect of such depression on children are negatively manifested in a number of life aspects such as developmental growth, performance in education, maintaining relationship with family members and even up to a suicide level. Even some of the risks are biomedical in nature in addition to psychosocial type of risks among adolescent and children. In this line a number of determinants play significant role in aggravating to those risks. They could be abuse experienced by children, enhanced level of young age sex illnesses and life with increased stress level. While the procedure and criteria to diagnos tic this kind of depression among adolescents and children continue to be similar to those among adults, one may find differences in symptom expressed at various stages. This is more conspicuous in developmental phase and even it is often difficult to get expression by adolescent as well as children in terms of their internal level mood. This paper calls for devising safer and more effective type of diagnosis as well as treatment specifically employing proper assessment of risks among the children and using therapies based on scientific evidences. In critiquing the therapies and diagnostic process available across medical system, the authors supports the therapy of cognitive behavior in case mild depression among children and even up to moderate depression, however given the condition of its unavailability it is suggested to use antidepressant in tackling these kind of problems. In the same line of examining the therapies, the article recommends the use of antidepressants for severe type of depression side by side the cognitive behavior therapy. It also infers that use of tricyclic type of antidepressants could be ineffective in addition to major side effects on childrens life. Since in this situation the effectiveness of some serotonin based inhibitors is considered limited, the use of fluoxetine could be useful as a therapy to tackle depression in children. And since some amount of risk towards suicide is anticipated from use of most antidepressants, there is need of education and awareness among parents and necessary monitoring should be considered as proper intervention. For this reason required amount of safety, convincing endeavors with patients and continuous monitoring by doctors should be in place to tackle such emergency situations. Reaction to article #1 The paper is found to be very meaningful for work in school psychology, counseling, or teaching mainly due to the clear illustration of the paper in terms of incidence of psychological problems among adolescents and children, their importance, assessment and therapies in terms of significant impact and overall a sensitization for a holistic intervention. The merit of the paper lies with the systematic assessment of factors behind the depression among children and adolescents and the possible treatment for context specific problems. This also signifies the preparatory activities associated with possible suicidal problems during the therapy process. I agree with the authors point of view that the treatments schools be decided by the physician based on the contexts such as step by step procures and necessary precautions before the process such as awareness to parents, discussion with patients and doctors continuous monitoring. While the strengths of this article lies with the systematic analysis of problems associated with depression among children and he treatment recommendations, some amount of limitations of the article lies with the generalization across population. The article thus concludes that there is a need to understand the factors behind the depression among children as the expression is difficult. Also the treatment should be added with necessary preparations from doctors taking into confidence the parents, guardian and patients at the same time. This article also for this reason develops new ideas to the body of literature. Article#2 Clark, Molly S.; Jansen, Kate L. and Cloy, J. Anthony (2012). Treatment of Childhoodband Adolescent Depression, American Family Physician, 86 (5): 442-448. Summary of article#2 This article (Clark et al. 2012) presents make a detailed illustration of relevance of depression related disorders among adolescent and children versus that in adults, in addition to a critique of medical and technical problems associated with diagnosis and required treatment among adolescents and children compared to adults. Hence the authors provide inputs for practitioners and at the same time contribute the greater body of knowledge for better intervention for children and adolescent with such depression related problems. It has been well accepted across medical fraternity as well as in general that many important depression related disorders among adolescents and children lead to visible problems. These in turn have impact over various life conditions at physical level in addition to social and emotional development. The most important factors that are behind the elevated risks of these depressive disorders generally range from family level to individual level situations. At fa mily level the factors such as depression in family history, conflict between parents contribute to the depressive disorders among children and the adolescents. The individual level factors such as negative type of thinking by children and adolescents, poor relationships among their peer groups, inadequate quantity and poor quality of skills to cope with depressive conditions all play the role of enhancing factors behind the depressive symptoms of children as well as the adolescents. Given that there are some similarities in the criteria for diagnosis of depressive disorder among children with that in adults identified by the medical system there are clear differentials visible in terms of expression of symptoms in varying contexts and follow up there after. The exception is seen more among children as compared to adults in terms of formers inability to fully express sad mood rather in the form of irritability in the situation of sad state or in depressed mood circumstance. Even the loss of weight among adolescent and children too is often taken into consideration for use in case of failure by the physician in reaching at correct milestones for weight. Given that there are differential conditions and problem in symptomatic express and other medico-technical issues, it is suggested for better treatment options, one must consider a host of factors such as severity of the depression the child is experiencing, probability of suicide behavior, the stages of development in addition to social and other environmental factors of the adolescent and children. Some psychological and psychiatric treatments may also work better in children contexts, such as therapy of cognitive behavior modifying and even interpersonal treatment could work well in case of such patients (children and adolescents) experiencing mild quantity of depression. In addition some sort of adjuvant type of treatments for children with moderate up to severe amount of depression may be recommended by med ical fraternity for better result. Some medical researchers as the current author too suggest for applying pharmaco-therapy for the patients mainly the adolescent and children when one observe moderate and even severe type of depression problems. The use of antidepressants such as Tricyclic types may not necessarily is found to be effective for such children patients and affected adolescents context. Given that there boxed type warning in case of antidepressants to be triggering any possible increase in risk of committing suicide, necessary care need to taken in advance for proper assessment options, continuous monitoring, safety type of planning in addition to adequate and in-depth education and awareness to family members of the patient during the course of treatment. Reaction to article #2 The current article is really comes out to be a meaningful one mainly in terms of its relevance in school level psychology, counseling, and also teaching. This is because of a detailed illustration of significance this paper lays in terms of incidence of depression related problems among adolescents and children, their incidence, diagnosis assessments and treatment option to get significant effect of intervention that can be replicated. The merit therefore lies with this article by its systematic assessment of causal factors in depression disorders in children and adolescents followed by possible treatment option in context specific problems. This paper also sensitize about preparatory options associated with possible suicidal case during the therapy process. I fully agree with authors viewpoints about the treatments being decided by the physician examining the contexts such as step by step procures and required cautions before the process such as rendering education and awareness to family members, discussion with patients and continuous monitoring system in place. While the strengths of the paper is visible in its systematic analysis of problems associated with depression among children and the treatment recommendations, some limitations may be realized on the generalization across population. The authors thus conclude that there is a need to take full cognizance of factors of depression among children as the expression may vary and difficult to record. Conclusion: Since the mental health problem has been universally considered important it is worth to make study on this topic and mainly the depression among adolescents and children as there are problem at various stages of treatment. Both the papers are similar in terms of problems in diagnosis and difficulty in treatment course among adolescent and children. Hence they recommend a number of preparatory activities before treatment and take different options in vary contexts of severity of depression. . The following 2 articles present this account in critiqued manner. Overall both these articles provide lot of technical inputs for practitioners and also contribute a lot to the greater body of knowledge on children and adolescent with depression related problems. Reference 1. Bhatia, Shashi K. and Bhatia, Subhash C. (2007). Childhood and Adolescent Depression, American Family Physician, 75(1):73-80.2.Clark, Molly S.; Jansen, Kate L. and Cloy, J. Anthony (2012). Treatment of Childhood and Adolescent Depression, American Family Physician, 86 (5): 442-448.3. Pren, A., von Knorring, L., Jonsson, U., Bohman, H., Olsson, G. and von Knorring, A.-L. (2012), Drug prescriptions of adults with adolescent depression in a community sample, Pharmacoepidem. Drug Safe., 21 (2): 130136.4. Sowislo, Julia Friederike and Orth, Ulrich (2013). Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, Psychological Bulletin, Vol 139(1), Jan 2013, 213-2405. Keitha, Latrina (2013), Childhood and Adolescent Depression, Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet, 17 (3): 296-3096. Lewis, Gemma; Collishaw, Stephan; Thapar, Anita and Harold, Gordon T. (2014) Parentchild hostility and child and adolescent depression symptoms: the direction of eff ects, role of genetic factors and gender, European Child Adolescent Psychiatry. 23 (5): 317-3277. Rocque, Cherie L. La; Harkness, Kate L. and Bagby, R. Michael (2014). The differential relation of childhood maltreatment to stress sensitization in adolescent and young adult depression, Journal of Adolescence, 37 (6): 8718828. Schwartz, David, Lansford, Jennifer E., Dodge, Kenneth A.; Pettit, Gregory S. Bates, John E. (2015). Peer Victimization During Middle Childhood as a Lead Indicator of Internalizing Problems and Diagnostic Outcomes in Late Adolescence, Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 44 (3): 393-4049. Jonsson, U; Bohman, H.; Knorring, , L. von; Olsson, G,; Paaren, A. and Knorring, A.-L von (2011). Mental health outcome of long-term and episodic adolescent depression: 15-year follow-up of a community sample, Journal of Affective Disorders, 130 (3): 395404.10. Reivich, Karen; Gillham, Jane E.; Chaplin, Tara M. and Seligman, Martin E. P. (2012). From Helplessness to Optimism: The Role of Resilience in Treating and Preventing Depression in Youth, Handbook of Resilience in Children, June: 201-21411. Richardson LP, McCauley E, Grossman DC (2010). Evaluation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item for detecting major depression among adolescents. Pediatrics. 126(6):1117-1123.

The use of language Essay Example For Students

The use of language Essay By considering the use of language, how does Simon Armitage portray the importance of his mother, in Mother, any distance greater than a single span?  Armitage opens up his poem concerning the importance of his mother, suggesting a great importance to him. Mother, any distance requires a second pair of hands, instantly implies that his mother has always helped him, in any situation. He uses the phrase any distance, to represent all situations. This is further backed up by the next line, where he begins to explicitly names things to measure. Windows, pelmets, the acres, the prairies of floors, uses very large distances, when he talks about acres and prairies. This suggests that he views all situations as difficult tasks, such as measuring out an acre, without the help of his mother, reinforcing the importance of his mother. We will write a custom essay on The use of language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the next stanza, he uses an extended metaphor of a measuring tape, to represent various things. This first can be viewed as the measuring tape representing age and time. The phrase You at the zero-end, shows how his mother has been with him, since the beginning of his life; at time zero of his life, shown by unreeling years between us. As he grows older the length between his mother increases as he ages and so his age increases, similar to a length or distance. It also symbolises how he becomes more independent. As he grows older he relies less on his mother and so moves further away. The measuring tape is also representing an umbilical cord. Despite his growing independence, Armitage will always have a connection to his mother, which cannot be cut or severed, until he is ready, despite a growing independence. In the next line Armitage writes reporting metres, centimetres back to base, further reinforcing the importance of his mother. The line shows how despite a growing independence he always goes back to his mother, informing and updating her as his life goes on. The word base is also analogous to an army base, giving directions to soldiers. He implies that his mother is constantly there, giving directions to his own life. In the final line of the stanza, Armitage writes Anchor. Kite. This could refer to both his mother and himself. By referring to his mother as an anchor, he suggests that his mother has always been a stable point in his life, reinforcing her importance. However, he hints that she could be possibly holding him back, like an anchor does to a ship. This is further backed up by the use of Kite. By referring the kite to Armitage, it implies that he is ready to become fully independent and fly free, but his mother is holding him back, perhaps suggesting his mother isnt as important as he always thought. The next stanza begins with I space-walk through the empty bedrooms. The empty bedroom could be referring to his own, which becomes empty when he leaves his home, to move out, when he is older, or it could represent his new house, which he has moved in to. He implies that this is a strange, new and scary experience, by using space-walk, suggesting that it is a completely alien environment, like somewhere in space. He then proceeds to say climb the ladder to breaking point, where something has to give, referring back to this idea of him needing his independence and the hindrance of his mother. As he climbs further up, he moves away from his mother, but still has her as an anchor, connected by the measuring tape. However, there comes a point where the measuring tape can no longer be stretched and he is ready to become independent, but has a need to stay attached to his mother, emphasising her importance. However, when he says has to give, he realises that he cannot always depend on his mother and either he has to give up and never become independent, or his mother has to let go. In the next line he says two floors below your fingertips still pinch, showing how his mother is still trying to hold on to her son; never letting him become totally independent, suggesting a diminishing importance of his mother. .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 , .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .postImageUrl , .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 , .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446:hover , .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446:visited , .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446:active { border:0!important; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446:active , .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446 .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfc293fb3e17a46f7d250db8fdac6446:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The language of misunderstanding EssayIn the last lines of the poem, he goes back to this idea of becoming totally independent and being able to fly. I reach towards a hatch to fall or fly, shows us that he has reached a critical point in his life; almost like a point of no return. He must make the decision of whether to become totally independent, but knowing the importance of his mother, he must also consider staying with his mother. However, by using the word fall, he suggests he does not want to rely on his mother anymore, so it seems he has already made his decision to become fully independent and fly. Throughout this poem Armitage constantly reinforces the importance of his mother, with ideas such as an umbilical cord and her being a stable base. However, he hints at ideas that his mother is actually holding him back, like a kite. When he says two floors below your fingertips, he shows us how it is not only his decision to become independent, but also his mothers decision to allow him and throughout the poem we can see him struggle between two states of mind; one being how he could never leave his mother, but on the other hand he needs to become independent as it is a natural progression in his life.

Free Essays on The Catholic Church

The Catholic Church during the Middle Ages played an all encompassing role over the lives of the people and the government. As the Dark Ages came to a close the ideas of the Renaissance started to take hold, and the church's power gradually began to wain. The monarchies of Europe also began to grow replacing the church's power. Monarchies, at the close of the Middle Ages and the dawn of the Renaissance, did not so much seek the guidance of the church as much as it sought their approval. However, the Church during the Age of Discovery was still a major influence. The discovery of the New World and its previously unknown inhabitants presented new problems in the Catholic Church in the late 14th and early 15th century. When Spain's rulers and emissaries decided to physically conquer and populate the New World, and not just trade with it, the transplantation of Christian institutions followed. The church established contact with the New World, and made it a goal to establish the Catholic doctrines among the native population there. The Catholic Church and the Spanish monarch, however, looked upon the native population in the New World as souls to be saved. They did not consider or treat the Indians as equals. The implanting of Christianity in the New World, and the treatment of the native population by the missionaries and christian conquerors was detrimental to New World. Through men such as Cortez and Las Casas accounts of the conversions have been recorded. One of the reasons for this was the alliance of the Catholic Church with the Spanish monarchy. The status of the Indians was disregarded as the Christian conquers and missionaries who wanted to convert them subjected them to violence and reduced them to a laboring population. The Indians, however did not always respond in a negative way to the work of the church. The Catholic Church arrived in the New World immediately after Christopher Columbus laid claim to it for Spain. Aft... Free Essays on The Catholic Church Free Essays on The Catholic Church The Catholic Church during the Middle Ages played an all encompassing role over the lives of the people and the government. As the Dark Ages came to a close the ideas of the Renaissance started to take hold, and the church's power gradually began to wain. The monarchies of Europe also began to grow replacing the church's power. Monarchies, at the close of the Middle Ages and the dawn of the Renaissance, did not so much seek the guidance of the church as much as it sought their approval. However, the Church during the Age of Discovery was still a major influence. The discovery of the New World and its previously unknown inhabitants presented new problems in the Catholic Church in the late 14th and early 15th century. When Spain's rulers and emissaries decided to physically conquer and populate the New World, and not just trade with it, the transplantation of Christian institutions followed. The church established contact with the New World, and made it a goal to establish the Catholic doctrines among the native population there. The Catholic Church and the Spanish monarch, however, looked upon the native population in the New World as souls to be saved. They did not consider or treat the Indians as equals. The implanting of Christianity in the New World, and the treatment of the native population by the missionaries and christian conquerors was detrimental to New World. Through men such as Cortez and Las Casas accounts of the conversions have been recorded. One of the reasons for this was the alliance of the Catholic Church with the Spanish monarchy. The status of the Indians was disregarded as the Christian conquers and missionaries who wanted to convert them subjected them to violence and reduced them to a laboring population. The Indians, however did not always respond in a negative way to the work of the church. The Catholic Church arrived in the New World immediately after Christopher Columbus laid claim to it for Spain. Aft...

Evaluate a given assessment instrument for bias Essay

Evaluate a given assessment instrument for bias - Essay Example Mr. Alvarez is described as a "salesman" and so makes the role gender specific. This is a form of stereotyping. The equality of treatment of all members of society requires that occupations in which both genders are feasibly able to carry out the role, that the job description be gender inclusive. This is critical to the practice of fairness, and in being able to interact with others with impartiality to their religious affiliation, physical appearance or abilities, gender, age, ethnic group or sexual orientation. It is suggested that the introductory sentence be changed to: Mr. Alvarez works as a sales assistant at a furniture store. This would align with Guideline 4 of the ETS standards, for the use of appropriate terminology when referring to others. 2. Students in the Physics & Astronomy Club are buying telescopes to watch the upcoming lunar eclipse. They found comparable telescopes, at the following prices, each either on sale or with a special pricing offer: Firstly, there is no reason given for the four students being chosen from the club, as there are six members who went shopping. Secondly, there is only one female in the group, and this is a science class club, which reinforces the stereotype that women and girls do not like science. I would make Louis (a) and Bernie girls. Thirdly, t Thirdly, there is complex vocabulary in that not everyone is familiar with a lunar eclipse. This is a rare phenomenon that occurs in the evening, when most are asleep, and so can be considered an unfamiliar or specialized term. Rather, replace with: star gazing. 3. A teacher needs help carrying a class set of textbooks to the department office. The teacher asks five students to carry the 35 books. If each student carried the same number of books, how many books did each student carry A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 Item Status: No Bias Comments and revision(s) (if necessary): The teacher's gender is not mentioned, neither that of the students, and is not necessary in order to ask the question. No complicated syntax or vocabulary is used either. Neither is the item religiously, ethnically, or physically specific (e.g., feasibly, one of the student's could have been in a wheelchair). 4. The Johnsons are considering hiring an au pair for their child. One very good applicant requests a stipend of $800 per month and health insurance, which will cost

Architectural Theory Analytical paper about specific article and Assignment

Architectural Theory Analytical paper about specific article and theory - Assignment Example rence material which Venturi produced is good because it pertains a variety of issues involved when it comes to confronting a term like postmodernism, which constitutes many tangents and a voluminous paper. My focus in the presentation will be on the issue which inspired this project. When analyzing Ducks and Decoration, we see that Robert Venturi believes that there is a prevalent misconception concerning his work. So how did this come about? The concern is, at very least, challenging to layout and attack methodically as it usually is with most things related with the term Postmodern. The complexity is in the fact that the word and what it explains are used in a vast number of ways. People avoided using the term at all in scholarship which was actually most helpful due to its amorphous nature. Its imprecision really doesnt assist with your point if you are scrupulous. The term postmodern means something rather particular when one is talking about architecture. Postmodern, in the most usual parlance when describing an architectural style which means a style on or of a building built in the past 40 years which incorporates references to past non-modern styles, usually the classical. We can site a very common example of what is architecturally and stylistically postmodern; this is the 80s pastel. This is a classical ornament covered Plaza d Italia located in New Orleans which is the work of Michael Graves. This proposal she ds some light on what it we refer to by ducks and decoration, which basically being an architect is working in a postmodern style. Ducks and decoration is on the basis of postmodernism and perhaps it will come out as very surprising and interesting to know that in the September 2001 issue of Architecture magazine, titled postmodernism, Robert Venturi, who is known to be prolific and groundbreaking architect with a legacy assured, among his notable achievements is being the winner of the Pritzker Prize and former professor of architecture at

Get More with Organic Food Essay Example for Free

Get More with Organic Food Essay With the growing population across the globe, technology has been trying to intervene to produce more food for everyone. The concurrent food crisis assaults mans staple food source. Different departments have been called to help alleviate the problem. Scientists have been pushed to find a means to help the agriculture of these crops. They use chemicals, hormones and other genetic re-engineering to produce more. Unfortunately, this process also dilutes what one can get in consuming food. The nutritional value is then degraded to none. In this regard, this essay stand firm in the notion that organic food will deliver more benefits than non-organic food. There are definite reasons behind this claim. To affirm the claim, the benefits of both categories will be laid out. By utilizing this process, one will be able to have an educated stance regarding the debate. The simple question relies on whether countries will choose the science of quality or quantity. Organic Food Organic food is defined by the process by which it is produced. This process makes use of the natural means of growing produce. Natural fertilizers and traditional means of cultivating them are practiced. They do not make use of modern technology to reap these produce. This kind of food does not undergo any sort of preservation process to prolong its shelf life. This, of course, calls for a lot of advantages. These are (1) the nutritional values of the food are kept intact, (2) being chemical free renders consumers emancipated from substances that may inevitably incur illness to a person, and (3) it leaves soil free from residue brought by chemicals for the next crops to be planted. Since organic products are grown with the most natural means possible, most of the nutrients products naturally have are well maintained. When products undergo a process, to prolong its shelf life and enhance its flavor, before being sold to the market, it loses its nutrients at a certain point. The primary purpose of eating is to attain nutrients to sustain life. But with the numerous process one could only imagine that a lot of nutrients are taken away and drained to waste. The processes denied food of his primary purpose. The second benefit of organic food is that there are no chemicals used in it that may have potential harm on the people. Since it was grown in the most natural manner, it did not have to use chemicals to cultivate. These chemicals, even when the produce or livestock has been processed, it remains in its composition. When people eat these kinds of food, they in turn absorb these chemicals. But with organic food, the people are spared of this endeavor. They are also given the opportunity to live longer. The third benefit, and most probably one of the most important, of organic food is rather for the long term consequences. When chemicals are used to push produce to grow faster and bigger, these are also absorbed by the soil. When other crops are planted in the same area, these will also absorb the chemicals. The soil will continue to be contaminated unless unused for a long period of time. On the other hand, organic produce does not make use any kind of chemicals. The soil will be contaminant free. It likewise promotes biological diversity, as mentioned by an article from the website Medical Wellness Association. Some of the chemicals they expose to the environment harms more than the pests they want to remove. Non-Organic On the other hand, non-organic food also has its own benefits. This category of food refers to products, both crop and livestock, which have been enhanced by scientific advances. Its size, taste and quantity has been changed so that it is bigger, tastier, and more. Since these are enhanced products, it has been assumed that these are also better. It is not about finding means of making a profit. It is about trying to find answers as man surpasses what is. It is not creation, but intervention. It was designed to primarily make more for the hungry. With the help of technology, non-organic food is also able to reap the following benefits: (1) longer shelf life and better flavor, (2) it is relatively cheaper due to how it was produced, and (3) it could be the answer to world hunger. In certain parts of the world, the climate and technology prohibits some people from being able to store food for a long period of time. But with the help of advanced technology, they are given more than an opportunity. They were given an answer. In relation to the enhanced flavor, perhaps that is just an added benefit to the storage. With this advancement, individuals are able to have a hefty meal with just opening a can or heating a pack in a microwave. It has become a matter of convenience. Since non-organic food is also produced in great numbers, it becomes relatively cheaper than organic food. The process is easier and significantly takes a shorter time in manufacturing. With cheaper food, more people are able to purchase them. Especially in third world countries, availing food should be able to fit into their daily budget. In some countries, where a lot of people are at the brink of extreme poverty, it is important that they are provided with food with reasonable prices. In this light, with the above mentioned benefits of non-organic food, perhaps it has become the answer to world hunger. The world is getting over populated, and there is less food for everyone. There is food crisis simultaneously in different nations. On top of that, famine and drought in certain countries even forbade their people to even try to plant crops or raise livestocks. Some are dying because of hunger or illnesses brought by it. But because there are crops and livestock that are easily produced in great numbers, it could be that they will be able to finally give a spark to the hope of many hungry people. Organic products sometimes take too long to grow or produce that the rate of how population increases is not matched by the rate these crops and livestocks grow. The Better Option After laying out what each food category can offer, one should be able to find which is better. Organic food is a natural product free from chemicals. It also allows the environment to produce without the influences from synthetic substances that could be potentially harmful in the long run. On the other hand, non-organic food has longer shelf life and better taste. It is also relatively cheaper from the former category. More importantly, it silently declares to answer world hunger. Unfortunately, even if non-organic food presents a lot of promises to the people and the economy, organic food is still the better option. Feeding the people with non-organic food does not assure the extension of their lives than when they go hungry. Perhaps when they are fed, they will be able to survive. But they should not depend on it. When the chemicals get accumulated in their systems, it could result to terminal illnesses, like cancer. Yes, the growing population is being fed satisfactory amounts. However, what purpose does it serve when more harm is done? It harms not only the people, but also the environment. Even when the people get to eat, if the earth gets damaged due to these chemicals and residues, what will be left to the people? They are not hungry, but the inevitability of their choice will cope, and then devastation.

What makes a good video game? :: essays research papers

It's getting late. Around 11:30PM. I know I should be getting to bed soon; I have to get up at 8:00AM to get ready for class. But, I figure I'll just pop FIFA 2004 into my PC and play for a little bit. Just to get past the next section. I'll save at the next save point, turn it off, and go to sleep. Video games are one of my favorite pastimes. I enjoy playing any kind of video game as long as it’s fun and has an interesting concept. Over the years video games technology has improved immensely. Since the early days of Pac-Mac, video games have become more realistic and interactive. The first thing that captures my attention about a game is its graphics. I love a game that looks nice. A story that pulls you into another world is also very important. Is important to have that connection with the character you're moving around your screen. How you move that character, game play, is also extremely important. So what makes a good video game? For many people video games are a matter of tastes. While some people prefer adventure games such as Super Mario and Zelda I like realistic games such as Grand Theft Auto and FIFA soccer. A great game doesn’t need to have the most incredible graphics or the best sound. All a game needs to keep you playing is a good concept. One thing that draws me into a game is the storyline. The story must keep you on your toes, waiting for what will happen next. The story must keep you interested and make you want to play. If the story doesn’t capture you, then there’s no real motive to play. An interesting story is what gets you coming back for more. There has to be a purpose to the game, whether it’s a money reward, new weapons or unveiling a new level. The story is what has the most effect on a viewer; an original plot with a few twists and some dramatic moments usually does it for me. The first thing that always catches my attention in a game is the graphics. Whether a person searches for good looks in a game or not, if the game does look good, it will be remembered. While graphics, and to a lesser extent sound, are advertised excessively by the media and game publishers, no game can be based purely on spectacular graphics.

My Favorite Entrepreneur Essay

My favorite entrepreneur: Ms. Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty by a teenage single mother in 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. For the earliest years of her life she was raised by her maternal grandmother, and under her kind-hearted discipline was taught to read by the age of two and speak exceptionally by the age of three. When Winfrey was six years old, she was sent to live with her mother in Wisconsin. She was submerged into inner-city Milwaukee, and faced the hardships of growing up in the urban ghetto. Her mother had many problems of her own and was so consumed by them that she was unable to give attention to her daughter. This had many adverse consequences, and left Winfrey vulnerable to multiple counts of sexual abuse at an early age, including by her mother’s boyfriend, a teenage cousin, and a family friend. She also became pregnant at the age of 14, but her son died at infancy. As she got older, she struggled with racism and was discriminated against by her peers because of her economic status. The neglect and problems she encountered led Winfrey to develop an aggressive attitude, and eventually her mother could no longer deal with Winfrey’s delinquency and so she sent her to live with her father in Nashville, Tennessee. With his strict disciplinary mechanisms and value for education, Winfrey’s father helped her turn her life around. She became an honor student and at the age of 17 began her broadcasting career on the radio station WVOL. She earned a scholarship to Tennessee State University and studied drama and speech. At the age of 19 she landed an anchor position for WTVF-TV, Nashville’s CBS affiliate. Here she was the first African-American and the youngest person to ever be an anchor on the network. Not too late afterwards in 1976 she moved to Boston to take on a position as co-anchor for WJZ-TV evening news. However, it was hard for her to contain her emotions on many of her stories, and her attachment to the subject matter made her a poor fit for the position. She was fired for these reasons. Nevertheless, a manager at the network saw her ability to connect closely with the subjects and her excellent communication skills and found a position more suited towards her as a co-host on talk show People Are Talking. The show’s ratings soared, and Winfrey’s success attracted attention in the Midwest where she was offered a position as anchor on AM Chicago. It almost instantly became the #1 local talk show and within a year was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show. The show was soon picked up in 120 cities and became the nation’s top talk show. However, Winfrey did not like the idea of working for someone else, and in 1986 she founded Harpo, Inc. and took on the Oprah Winfrey Show by 1988 in her own studio in Chicago. The third woman in history to own and produce her own show, as well as the first African-American to own her own entertainment production company, Winfrey was capitalizing success. The early years of the program was classified as a tabloid talk show, however as years went on Winfrey adopted broader topics such as disease, spirituality, substance abuse, geopolitics, domestic topics, celebrity interviews, and philanthropy. She herself has become one of our world’s most noted philanthropists and also hosts televised giveaways. In addition to her talk show, Winfrey acted and voiced-over in different movies and TV shows, as well as ones she produced herself like The Women of Brewster Place and Brewster Place. Furthermore, Winfrey has co-authored five books and publishes O, The Oprah Magazine and O at Home, which was dubbed the most successful start-up ever in the industry by Fortune in 2002. She also created her website Oprah. com, one of the top women’s lifestyles websites, as well as Oprah’s Book Club, the largest book club in the world. Winfrey went on to co-found women’s cable television network Oxygen. In January, 2011, Discovery Health Channel was changed into a new channel called OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. Winfrey, for many years now, has been viewed as the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry, and even beyond the entertainment industry. The Wall Street Journal coined the term â€Å"Oprahfication† meaning therapy through public confession, and there have been numerous incidents of the â€Å"Oprah effect† where her public opinions influence consumer choices. She has been invited onto the corporate boards of AT&T, Ralph Lauren, and Intel, all of which she turned down. Winfrey holds a fairly private personal and business life, as all her employees are sworn to keep things private for the remaining of their lives, and she holds full control in all her distribution deals with ABC, Oxygen Network, and Hearst Magazines. She also holds 90% of Harpo’s stock. By the age of 41, Winfrey had a net worth of $340 million and replaced Bill Cosby as the only African American on the Forbes 400. She has remained the only African American to rank among America’s 400 richest people nearly every year since 1995, and is the ichest African American of the 20th century. From 2004 to 2006 Winfrey was the world’s only black billionaire and the first black woman billionaire in world history. In 2010 she took on the title of the richest self-made woman in America. Her 2011 salary was $290 million and she had a set worth of $2. 7 billion. Throughout this all, Winfrey is lives her life by two principles: live a great life for yourself and make a differenc e in the world. These have been motivating factors for Winfrey too overcome the different struggles in her life and pull forward to a positive outcome. Her intellectual and emotional qualities paved the way for her to really connect with diverse people of difference backgrounds, values, and experiences, and to open up all sorts of subject matter in a some-how comfortable setting although very public. Her public speaking and proficient communication abilities allowed her to emerge as such a strong candidate in the industry. Even with that, Winfrey is a woman of self-improvement and took improv classes at Chicago’s own Second City to work on her presence and wit in high pressure situations like on talk shows and live television. But her success isn’t all in her broadcasting or talk shows. In fact, Winfrey says her success began as a third grader when she turned her book report in early. She stands by the ideas to always go the extra mile, and that we are all entitled to success. â€Å"Let excellence be your brand,† Winfrey says at a 2012 speech to Spellman College graduates. Winfrey is a strong believer in doing the right thing, and she guarantees that doing right will only allow for right to come back to you and carry you on your way to success. Another point Winfrey strongly upholds is finding a way to serve. She says that she doesn’t serve TV she serves the world through TV, and that is what each of us should do as we find our niches– to use our success as a way to serve. Furthermore, Winfrey believes it is key to know who you are and to take charge of your life. Making decisions for one’s self and pursuing goals is absolutely critical if one wants to find success. Winfrey was able to use these ideals, lessons from her life, and her true passions and talents to go from rags to riches, to become the Queen of talk shows, and a historical success legend.

A Study on Self-Esteem and Job Satisfaction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5893 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Organization Essay Study Essay Did you like this example? A Study on Self-Esteem and Job Satisfaction of Soldiers in Camp Evangelista, Cagayan de Oro City Xavier University –Ateneo de Cagayan Hidlao, Gina Luz P. Tagarda, Aiza Elisea C. Turno, April Grace G. Mr. Rogelio A. Lee, Jr. M. A. Research Adviser Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION In any industrial organizations, there is a highlight on the importance of the well-being of its workforce aside from having a concrete structure for its over-all work efficiency. The military is not an exception. It can even be considered as one of the most important and precarious organization in a country such that being a soldier is much more than a work. Considered as a noble profession, it is no joke for anyone to risk lives and limbs in defense of the country’s freedom and sovereignty while being away from families. Senator and chairman of the Senate Committee, Ramon Magsaysay Jr. talked about Filipino soldiers as one of the lowest-paid employees of the government (The Philippine Star, 2 002). He also noted that soldiers last received an increase in their base pay in November 1987 or 15 years ago at the time. Another article on 2007 of the Philippine Daily Inquirer talks about the Armed Forces of the Philippines’ (AFP) problem on the lack of the military personnel’s morale and the root cause of its inefficiency which are low salaries, insufficient benefits and antique weaponry. These various news on compensation, inefficiency, and morale issues sprouting in the media about soldiers, has made and has to be the country’s center of attention also. It is then for these informations why the researchers are interested on their job satisfaction and how do they evaluate themselves as a person – self-esteem. May it be for the soldiers’ productivity or for their well-being, it is important to acknowledge that their job satisfaction be checked once in a while. As cited by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in 2007, Spector concludes that â€Å"organizations have significant effects on the people who work for them and some of those effects are reflected in how people feel about their work. This makes job satisfaction an issue of substantial importance for both the organization and its workforce. Meanwhile, among the job satisfaction’s possible influences are working hours, work orientation, financial variables, employment contract, tenure, market, job mobility, marital status, age, quality of workers, direct supervisor relationships, and job security (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2007; Harmer Findley, 2006; Knerr, 2005; Nestor Leary, 2000; Sukumar, 2006; Swortzel Taylor, 2005). This study is important because seldom is there scientific inquiries in the Philippines, especially in Cagayan de Oro City, on the soldiers’ job satisfaction and their self-esteem. Furthermore, this area of study is important because i t would give more insights on the importance and possible effects of self-esteem in elevating these soldiers’ skills, attitudes towards their work, morale, and commitment in what they do for the nation. And at the same time in a way to prevent undesirable events such as the recent hostage crisis involving a retired policeman in appealing on his retirement benefits. With these facts, this paper aims to know the level of self-esteem of the respondents. It also intends to measure the level of job satisfaction; through factors like compensation and benefits, work function, interpersonal relationships, and the physical work environment. Statement of the Problem 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: 2. 1 Age 2. 2 Civil Status 2. 3 Length of Service 2. 4 Job Position 2. What is the level of self-esteem of the respondents in terms of: 3. 5 High 3. 6 Average 3. 7 Low 3. What is the level of job satisfaction of the respondents in terms of: 4. 8 Work Function 4. 9 Interpersonal Relationships 4. 10 Compensation and Benefits 4. 11 Physical Work Environment 4. Is there a significant difference in the level of self-esteem of the respondents when grouped according to: 5. 12 Age 5. 13 Civil Status 5. 14 Length of Service 5. 15 Job Position 5. Is there a significant difference in the level of job satisfaction of the respondents when grouped according to: 6. 16 Age 6. 17 Civil Status 6. 18 Length of Service . 19 Job Position Hypotheses Problems one, two and three are hypothesis-free. It is in problems four and five that these hypotheses are stated, and be tested at an alpha 0. 5 level of significance. Ho4: There is no significant difference in the level of self-esteem of the respondents when grouped according to: Age, Civil Status, Length of Service and Job Position. H24: There is a significant difference in the level of self-esteem of the respondents when grouped according to: Age, Civil Status, Length of Service and Job Position. Ho5: There is no significant difference in the level of job satisfaction of the respondents when grouped according to: Age, Civil Status, Length of Service and Job Position. H25: There is a significant difference in the level of self-esteem of the respondents when grouped according to: Age, Civil Status, Length of Service and Job Position. Review of Related Literature This section of the paper discusses studies and concepts that are relevant to this research. Self-esteem Yakubovich et. al. (1989) The study tests the hypothesis that structural changes in nurses’ work settings, which allow nurses to utonomously exercise their knowledge and skill lead not only to an enhanced feeling of professional autonomy, but also to an improvement in their professional self-image and to an increase in job satisfaction. The findings indicate that during the strike, PC head nurses expanded their activities and responsibilities and consequently felt more professional autonomy and job satisfaction, as well as improvement in professional self-image. Hospital head nurses experienced significantly less changes in their work situation and, as expected, less change in all work related attitudes. It is suggested that, when given the opportunity to define for themselves roles where they can use their experience, knowledge and skills, senior nurses stand-up to the challenge and consequently are more satisfied and their professional self-image improves. Judge and Bono (2001) presented meta-analytic results of the relationship of 4 traits – self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability (low neuroticism) – with job satisfaction and job performance. With respect to job satisfaction, the estimated true score correlations were . 6 for self-esteem, . 45 for generalized self-efficacy, . 32 for internal locus of control, and . 24 for emotional stability. The results based on 274 correlations suggest that these traits are among the best dispositional p redictors of job satisfaction and job performance. Job Satisfaction Tom Smith (2007) Eighty-six percent of people questioned between 1972 and 2006 said they were content in their work and only four percent were not satisfied. The study showed workers over 65 years old were the most satisfied while people under 29 were the least happy in their work. He added that as people get older they move up the career ladder and get into better positions. They also sort through different alternative careers and find something that matches their talent and abilities better. Many of the least satisfied younger people are in starter jobs, according to Smith. But Smith pointed out that many of these people eventually move out of these unhappy jobs and that’s when job satisfaction levels increase with age. But money and prestige do not guarantee satisfaction. The rule is that most people are pretty satisfied†¦ The level of job satisfaction has remained virtually unchanged in the las t four decades. As cited in Job satisfaction and Burnout among Greek Early Educators: A Comparison between Public and Private Sector Employees (Tsigilis, Zachopoulou, Grammatikopoulos, 2006), Togia, Koustelios, and Tsigilis investigated job satisfaction in Greece and used the Employee Satisfaction Inventory (ESI). The instrument assessed six dimension of job satisfaction: working conditions, pay, promotion, job itself, supervision, and organization as a whole. Results showed Greek librarians were most satisfied with job itself, supervision, and working conditions and less satisfied with pay and promotion, prior to working conditions, supervision, and organization as a whole. Age Shah Jalal Sarker, Alf Crossman, and Parkpoom Chinmeteepituck (2003) said that earlier studies suggest age is positively associated with job satisfaction, while others use length of service, or tenure, as a predictor of job satisfaction levels. This article examines whether age and tenure are individual determinants of satisfaction, or whether there is an interaction between the two. The results indicate that employee’s age is not significantly associated with overall job satisfaction level, but that tenure is. There is also significant relationship between tenure and facets of satisfaction (job, pay, and fringe benefits), but the effect of tenure on satisfaction is significantly modified by age. Orth, Trzesniewski, and Robbin (2010) found results in their study, â€Å"Self-Esteem Development from Young Adulthood to Old Age: A Cohort-Sequential Longitudinal Study†, that self-esteem declines sharply among older adults while middle-aged are most confident. Higher income and better health help maintain self-esteem, according to psychologists. Self-esteem rises steadily as people age but starts declining around the time of retirement, according to a longitudinal study of men and women ranging in age from 25 to 104. â€Å"Self-esteem is related to better health, les s criminal behavior, lower levels of depression and, overall, greater success in life,† said the study’s lead author, Ulrich Orth, PhD. â€Å"Therefore, it’s important to learn more about how the average person’s self-esteem changes over time. Self-esteem was lowest among young adults but increased throughout adulthood, peaking at age 60, before it started to decline. These results are reported in the latest issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association. On average, women had lower self-esteem than did men throughout most of adulthood, but self-esteem levels converged as men and women reached their 80s and 90s. Blacks and whites had similar self-esteem levels throughout young adulthood and middle age. In old age, average self-esteem among blacks dropped much more sharply than self-esteem among whites. This was the result even after controlling for differences in income and health. Educati on, income, health and employment status all had some effect on the self-esteem trajectories, especially as people aged. â€Å"Specifically, we found that people who have higher incomes and better health in later life tend to maintain their self-esteem as they age,† said Orth. â€Å"We cannot know for certain that more wealth and better health directly lead to higher self-esteem, but it does appear to be linked in some way. For example, it is possible that wealth and health are related to feeling more independent and better able to contribute to one’s family and society, which in turn bolsters self-esteem. † People of all ages in satisfying and supportive relationships tend to have higher self-esteem, according to the findings. However, despite maintaining higher self-esteem throughout their lives, people in happy relationships experienced the same drop in self-esteem during old age as people in unhappy relationships. Although they enter old age with higher s elf-esteem and continue to have higher self-esteem as they age, they decline in self-esteem to the same extent as people in unhappy relationships,† said co-author Kali H. Trzesniewski, PhD, of the University of Western Ontario. â€Å"Thus, being in a happy relationship does not protect a person against the decline in self-esteem that typically occurs in old age. † There are numerous theories as to why self-esteem peaks in middle age and then drops after retirement, said the researchers. â€Å"Midlife is a time of highly stable work, family and romantic relationships. People increasingly occupy positions of power and status, which might promote feelings of self-esteem,† said co-author Richard Robins, PhD, of the University of California, Davis. â€Å"In contrast, older adults may be experiencing a change in roles such as an empty nest, retirement and obsolete work skills in addition to declining health. † Orth does not think baby boomers will skew self-e steem trajectories as the majority of that generation reach retirement age. But with medical advances, they will be healthier longer and, therefore, may be able to work and earn money longer. It is possible that the decline in self-esteem might occur later in life for baby boomers,† he said. Civil Status Knerr (2005) found results that indicate a robust correlation between marital status and job satisfaction when controlling for both age and sex. He indicated a conditional relationship between marital status and job satisfaction insofar as the independent variable (marital status) and dependent variable (Job Satisfaction) associate only within certain parameters of the control variables (Age Sex). For instance, the correlation between marital status and job satisfaction appears statistically significant for males under age 30, females aged 30 to 49, males over age 50, and females over age 50. Conversely, this association is statistically insignificant for females under age 30 and males aged 30 to 49. While interpreting these results proves facile, explaining them remains considerably more difficult. Perhaps no direct link exists between marital status and job satisfaction for females under age 30 because most of them remain single up to this point in their lives. In other words, their apparent job-satisfaction may not reflect marital status, since many women currently choose to postpone marriage until their thirties or forties. For males aged 30 to 49, the weak correlation between marital status and job satisfaction seems nebulous insofar as middle-aged men tend to value marriage as a prerequisite for life satisfaction. Perhaps this incongruity stems from the proverbial mid-life crisis experienced by many men. Furthermore, the study concluded that married people generally possess higher job-satisfaction than their single counterparts. Another study in India revealed that there is no significant relationship between age and level of satisfaction , there is significant relationship between Gender and level of satisfaction, there is significant relationship between monthly income and level of satisfaction, that there is no significant relationship between Experience and level of satisfaction, there is no significant relationship between marital status and level of satisfaction, that there is significant relationship between Nature of job and level of satisfaction, and that there is significant relationship between Educational Qualification and level of satisfaction (Sukumar, 2006). In a study of Scott and Swortzel on 2005, results showed that there is no significant relationships were found between age and the job satisfaction constructs. Satisfaction with job security (rb = . 2) and satisfaction with pay (rb = . 10) were the only two job satisfaction constructs having low relationships with age. All other relationships were negligible. No significant relationships were found between marital status and the job satisfaction c onstructs. Only two low relationships were found. These relationships were found between marital status and internal work motivation (rpb = . 10) and between marital status and satisfaction with pay (rpb = . 11). All other relationships were negligible. Low relationships were observed between gender and the job satisfaction constructs of growth satisfaction, satisfaction with job security, and satisfaction with pay. Females rated all three of these constructs higher than males, indicating a higher level of satisfaction with personal learning and growth opportunities at work, job security, and compensation. However, even though the literature indicates a relationship between gender and job satisfaction. Age was not related to any of the job satisfaction constructs for Extension agents. For Extension agents, race had low relationships with the job satisfaction constructs of general satisfaction and satisfaction with supervision. Caucasians rated both of these constructs lower than other races, indicating a lower level of satisfaction with their jobs in general and with the supervision that they receive. Marital status was not related to any of the job satisfaction constructs for Extension agents. Education was not related to any of the job satisfaction constructs for Extension agents. Comparing the means of the job satisfaction constructs for the three groups of Extension agents revealed that for the most part, there was no difference among the three groups regarding how satisfied each group was with the seven job satisfaction constructs. Two groups differed only on one of the seven job satisfaction constructs. A significant difference was found between area agents and 4-H agents regarding how satisfied each group was with their co-worker relations. Area agents rated this construct lower than 4-H agents, indicating a lower level of satisfaction with their relationships with their coworkers. However, having held a previous position with the Extension Ser vice was not related to any of the job satisfaction constructs for Extension agents. Length of Service There are findings in a 2000 study on The Relationship Between Tenure and the Non-Tenure Track Status of Extension Faculty and Job satisfaction, that concludes there was no was no statistically significant relationship between tenure status and extrinsic and overall job satisfaction. However, in this study a statistically significant relationship was found between non-tenure track status and intrinsic job satisfaction. This finding does not substantiate the assertion that tenure status improves job satisfaction. This study indicates that non-tenure track status faculty has higher job satisfaction among Extension faculty in West Virginia. In this study, no statistically significant relationship existed between these variables. Further analyses of the data revealed that a relationship exists between the respondents years of experience at WVU and their increased intrinsic and overa ll job satisfaction. Extension faculty has increased job satisfaction the longer they are employed at an institution. The Extension faculty in this study indicated higher intrinsic job satisfaction in ages of 23-33 and 46-50 when compared to ages of 34-46 and more than 51 years. These findings indicated that the older an employee, the higher his or her job satisfaction. The results of this study provided information related to the significant relationship between non-tenure track status and intrinsic job satisfaction. One implication is that the more support provided in the work place, the more highly satisfied the faculty member is likely to be. These data supporting the relationship between non-tenure track status and job satisfaction could be most important when new faculty are recruited. Additionally, Extension organizations and institutions that recognize the relationship between age and job satisfaction could provide mentoring programs for the 34-45 and more than 51 age gro ups. This mentoring could reinforce the support structure for the 23-33 and 46-50 age groups, support the 34-45 and more than 51 age groups, and this added mentoring could increase their job satisfaction, while the other age groups would gain recognition for the new relationship and support for them. Interpersonal Relationship Harmer and Findley (2004) found results that suggest that the quality of co-worker and direct supervisor relationships significantly positively impact on overall job satisfaction. Indeed, more than half of the variability in overall job satisfaction in the present study was accounted for by the quality of one’s co-worker and direct supervisor relationships. This finding supports previous research by Morrison (2004) looking at the role of non-romantic relationships in the facilitation of job satisfaction of hospital nurses in New Zealand. Morrison found that greater employee cohesiveness and the prevalence of workplace friendships resulted in reduc ed turnover intentions. Job dissatisfaction has been found to have a significant direct and mediating effect on employee turnover (Fields, Dingman, Roman ; Blum, 2005; Morrison, 2004). The current finding indicates the need for those involved in workforce planning to consider the promotion and support of the social aspects of workplace relationships, as a way of further improving employees’ experiences of their work. Previous research regarding the role of job satisfaction on employee well-being has found that job satisfaction does affect individual mental and physical well-being. The present study failed to support the second hypothesis; that satisfaction with one’s co-worker and direct supervisor relationships would significantly predict one’s level of holistic well-being. Physical Work Environment In Measuring Job satisfaction in Surveys – Comparative Analytical Report on 2007, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Condit ions; job satisfaction is considered a strong predictor of overall individual well-being (Diaz-Serrano and Cabral Vieira, 2005), as well as a good predictor of intentions or decisions of employees to leave a job (Gazioglu and Tansel, 2002). Beyond the research literature and studies, job satisfaction is also important in everyday life. Organizations have significant effects on the people who work for them and some of those effects are reflected in how people feel about their work (Spector, 1997). This makes job satisfaction an issue of substantial importance for both employers and employees. As many studies suggest, employers benefit from satisfied employees as they are more likely to profit from lower staff turnover and higher productivity if their employees experience a high level of job satisfaction. However, employees should also ‘be happy in their work, given the amount of time they have to devote to it throughout their working lives’ (Nguyen, Taylor and Bradley , 2003a). Workers’ decisions about whether to work or not, what kind of job to accept or stay in, and how hard to work are all likely to depend in part upon the worker’s subjective evaluation of their work, in other words on their job satisfaction. Rose (2003) analyzed a number of possible influences on job satisfaction including individual well-being, working hours, work orientation, financial variables, and the employment contract, and market and job mobility. His findings fail to provide strong support for explanations of job satisfaction primarily in terms of socio-technical rewards of the job, although low influence in the workplace did emerge as a significant factor. All but one of the indirect measures developed to represent qualitative features of the workplace remained statistically insignificant, the measure of workplace influence being the exception. Much more important were factors related to the contractual features of the job. Having the ‘righ t package’ contractually assured promotion opportunities, annual pay increments, bonuses and, above all, a job that was regarded as permanent significantly boosted the job satisfaction score, with a marginal increment for not having to work unpaid overtime. There was also little support for the view that job satisfaction rises in a closely linear association with earnings; rather, jobs enabling financial expectations at whatever level these were set to be met, were more important. Having a recognized career path was also a highly significant factor relating to job satisfaction. High levels of work stress and a desire to work fewer hours an aspiration held by a third of the sample of respondents together accounted for well over a half of a standard deviation in job satisfaction scores. The key point that Rose makes (echoed in his more recent publication, (Rose 2005)) is that his conclusions are not intended to demonstrate that intrinsic rewards do not matter in analyz ing job satisfaction. However, they may matter significantly less than is sometimes assumed once a greater range of influences is introduced. What is needed is an expansion of the range of causality. Differences in job satisfaction between groups and individuals are extremely complex and require more research, especially in relation to the measures used to gauge job satisfaction. The above mentioned studies seem to sustain the basic need for fulfilling one’s job and generating self-esteem. In a capitalistic environment, learning the relationship that exists between job satisfaction and self-esteem is for the ultimate purpose of improving worker productivity. However, from a human interest prospective, the importance of the relationship is to learn whether happiness with ones job is related to ones self-confidence. Although the research includes many different jobs, methods and test groups, the research is almost unanimous that, regardless of job status, theres a strong job satisfaction/self-esteem relationship. The importance of these studies, as it relates to satisfaction/self-esteem, was that when students had feelings of success in a task, they had feelings of increased self-esteem. Also, an increase in self-esteem was linked to increased involvement, and leads to increased goal setting. The researches provide the notion that a person who has high self-esteem is likely to be more satisfied with their job. The self-esteem and job satisfaction relationship is somewhat like the â€Å"chicken or egg† phenomenon (Garcez, 2006). Furthermore, influences in each topic were various as it is coming from both the internal and external aspects of the person. Among the job satisfaction’s possible influences are working hours, work orientation, financial variables, employment contract, tenure, market, job mobility, arital status, age, quality of workers, direct supervisor relationships, and job security (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2007; Harmer Findley, 2006; Knerr, 2005; Nestor Leary, 2000; Sukumar, 2006; Swortzel Taylor, 2005). Theoretical Background This research is anchored on four main theories, particularly the Dispositional and Two-factor theories for the job satisfaction; and the Sociometer and Rosenberg’s theories for self-esteem. Job Satisfaction Theories Dispositional Theory Dispositional theory suggests that people have innate dispositions that cause them to have tendencies toward a certain level of satisfaction, regardless of one’s job. This approach became notable explanation of job satisfaction in light of evidence that job satisfaction tends to be stable over time and across careers and jobs. A significant model that narrowed the scope of the Dispositional Theory was the Core-self evaluations Model, proposed by Timothy A. Judge in 1998. He argued that there are four Core-Self Evaluations that determine one’s disposition towards job sa tisfaction: self-esteem, general efficacy, locus of control, and neuroticism. This model states that higher levels of self-esteem (the value one places on his/her self) and general efficacy (the belief in one’s own competence) lead to higher work satisfaction. Having an internal locus of control (believing one has control over his/her own life, as opposed to outside forces having control leads to higher job satisfaction. Finally, lower levels of neuroticism led to higher job satisfaction. Two-factor Theory (Motivation Hygiene Theory) Frederick Herzberg’s Two-factor theory attempts to explain satisfaction and motivation in the workplace. This theory states that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are driven by different factors-motivation and hygiene factors, respectively. Motivating factors are those aspects of the job that make people want to perform, and provide people with satisfaction, for example achievement in work, recognition promotion opportunities. These moti vating factors are considered to be intrinsic to the job, or the work carried out. Hygiene factors include aspects of the working environment such as pay, company policies, supervisory practices, and other working conditions. Self-Esteem Theories Sociometer Theory An evolutionary based psychological theory, Sociometer Theory relies on an internal gauge to monitor behaviour and social inclusion. Self-esteem is the mechanism by which human beings assess their self-worth in comparison to the rest of their social group. Sociometer Theory explains the need and function of human self-esteem by stating that the sociometer is an internal gauge that moderates human behavior to ensure that exclusion from the social group is unlikely to occur (Leary Downs, 1995). It is an evolutionary based psychological theory referring to the fact that in earlier civilizations exclusion from a social group could result in the death of an individual. The Role and Function of Self-Esteem According to So ciometer Theory Sociometer theory was initially theorized by Leary and Downs (1995) who stated that self-esteem is a mechanism by which an individual can assess their behavior and current standing in his or her social group. Leary and Downs (1995) suggested that the sociometer, which they describe as being like a fuel gauge in a motor vehicle, is an internal system for monitoring a person’s environment for cues that the person is being excluded or avoided. According to Leary and Downs (1995), when the internal sociometer notes that there is a potential for exclusion, a negative affect is felt in the person; for example if a behavior leads to being ignored or ridiculed, the person undertaking the behavior may feel bad or upset. Kirkpatrick and Ellis (2003) expanded on Leary and Downs’ (1995) Sociometer Theory by suggesting that self-esteem has separate functions and domains across the human psyche, in order to monitor various types of social interactions and accordin gly it is possible for there to be more than one internal sociometer. Kirkpatrick and Ellis (2003) suggested that the sociometer’s function was not only to ensure that an individual was not excluded from their social group but also to rate the strength of the social group compared to other groups. Sociometer theory maintains that self-esteem evolved to check one’s level of status and acceptance in one’s social group. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Theory Morris Rosenberg’s Theory is a main contributor in the rebirth of self-esteem studies in social psychology, which had been dormant since the turn of the twentieth century Mruk 13). Rosenberg’s (1965) Society and the Adolescent Self-Image opened a new door to psychologists and sociologists and helped bridge a disciplinary gap with his self-esteem theory and his Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Rosenberg’s self-esteem theory relies on two factors: (1) reflected appraisals and (2) social compari sons. Regarding reflected appraisals, Rosenberg acknowledges that human communication depends in seeing matters from other people’s perspectives. In the process of taking the role of the other, we become aware that we are to see ourselves through the eyes of others. Based on the aforementioned theories, the self-esteem and the job satisfaction of a person lie in both the internal and external factors. The internal factors include the innate dispositions, the motivation (thought processes), and the feelings of the person. Innate dispositions of the person like his thoughts or feelings toward himself (self-esteem) and his beliefs on his skills influences his satisfaction level towards his work. At the same time, if the person feels he is accepted basically in all places he goes, the self-esteem of this person is most likely high. The external factor on the other hand is basically the environment where the person is. This may mean to be in specific (like the office  œ job satisfaction) or to be in general (that is any place where the person is). The available resources such as computers, proper lightings, and even the social groups present in his office can affect the contentment of job of the person. Furthermore, the reflected appraisals or the affirmative actions from the people present in the person’s vicinity, wherever he is in the office or not, can also contribute to his self-esteem. Conceptual Framework The various news in the media on soldiers, has brought this study about important factors to consider in handling workers and operating precarious organizations such the Philippine Army in Camp Evangelista, Cagayan de Oro City. These are: self-esteem and job satisfaction – the dependent variables. The meta-analytic results of the study of Judge and Bono in 2001, suggested that traits as self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability (low neuroticism) are among the best dispositional pred ictors of job satisfaction and job performance. Added is the study of Dr. Syptak, et al. (2000) that the variables Compensation and Benefits, Social Relationship, and Physical Work Environment make employees become productive, motivated, and committed to do work. Discontentment involving these factors may subsequently affect or contribute to a worker’s job satisfaction. The independent variables in this study which are the profile of the respondents (Age, Civil Status, Length of Service, and Job Position) are also probed since it is related to self-esteem and job satisfaction. A study indicated that employee’s age is not significantly associated with overall job satisfaction level, but that tenure is. There is also significant relationship between tenure and facets of satisfaction (job, pay, and fringe benefits), but the effect of tenure on satisfaction is significantly modified by age (Shah Jalal Sarker, Alf Crossman, and Parkpoom Chinmeteepituck. 2003). Further more, among the job satisfaction’s possible influences are working hours, work orientation, financial variables, employment contract, tenure, market, job mobility, marital status, age, quality of workers, direct supervisor relationships, and job security (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2007; Harmer Findley, 2006; Knerr, 2005; Nestor Leary, 2000; Sukumar, 2006; Swortzel Taylor, 2005). Innate dispositions of the person like his thoughts or feelings toward himself (self-esteem) and his beliefs on his skills influences his satisfaction level towards his work. If the person feels he is accepted basically in all places he goes – including in his office – the self-esteem of this person is most likely high. Furthermore, if the external factors like pay, company policies, tasks, and supervisory practices are present in a person’s working environment which are viewed (thought processes) by the worker as something tha t is worth their efforts; then this person will also be satisfied in his job as explained by the Two-factor (Motivation Hygiene) Theory. Therefore, the higher the self-esteem (disposition) or the more confident the person is, the more he is contented as a worker. The schematic diagram (figure 1) shows the relationship of the variables that will be investigated in this study. Independent Variables Dependent Variables Self-Esteem Level Job Satisfaction Level on the ff: * Work Function * Interpersonal Relationships Compensation and Benefits * Physical Work Environment Profile of the Soldiers: * Age * Civil Status * Length of Service * Job Position Figure 1 – Schematic Diagram Showing the Relationship of the Variables Scope and Limitation of the Study This study will focus on the self-esteem level and job satisfaction level of the soldiers in Camp Evangelista, Cagayan de Oro City. These military personnel are only those who are active in service with ages ranging from 21-39 (Youn g Adult) and 41-64 (Middle Adult). The job satisfaction level is measured only by these four factors: work function, social relationship, compensation and benefits, and physical work environment. The self-esteem level is measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) Scale which focuses only on the over-all evaluation of one’s worth or value. This study covers only 30% of the soldiers’ population in Camp Evangelista. And it is centered only on what level of job satisfaction and self-esteem do these soldiers have; and determining level of job satisfaction and level of self-esteem when grouped according to the respondents’ profile (age, civil status, length of service, and job position). Significance of the Study This study offers perspectives regarding the self esteem and job satisfaction of young adult soldiers and middle adult soldiers. The nature of work of the soldiers is traditionally perceived as an essential part of the war. Soldiers who are well satisf ied with the job, would perform better on the field knowing that they have assurance that they are well benefited as to their field of work. Soldier’s job satisfaction will help them staying committed to their work that would also raise their self-esteem and make them more eager to stay in their jobs. The self esteem of soldiers also could help the soldier’s commitment and attitudes towards their job and also help boosting up their morals in battle. The soldiers are expected to utilize their skills learned and develop in their trainings during the battlefield. If the soldiers’ self-esteem is low there is a probability that they would not perform the tasks given to them. The study of the level of job satisfaction and the level of self-esteem among the soldiers of Camp Evangelista, Cagayan de Oro City is to provide a current view for the people, especially in the city, to redefine and assess themselves; most importantly to those who have a say on this job, on h andling such. These people include organizations and professionals handling them. This study will also be beneficial to the authorities in the military. This would give them an idea on knowing the current self-esteem and job satisfaction of their co-militaries at the moment. The families of the respondents could also benefit from this study as they will able to know if they are still satisfied with their jobs and if they still feel good about themselves. If soldiers who are well satisfied with their work, they would perform better as protectors in our nation knowing they have the assurance that they in turn will benefit and be taken care of through its compensations. Furthermore, this area of study is important because it would give more insights on the importance and possible effects of self-esteem in elevating these soldiers’ skills, attitudes towards their work, morale, and commitment in what they do for the nation. And at the same time to prevent undesirable events suc h as the recent hostage crisis involving a retired policeman in appealing on his retirement benefits. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Study on Self-Esteem and Job Satisfaction" essay for you Create order